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Peptic ulcers are sores within the lining of the stomach, upper region of the small intestine (duodenum), or sometimes the esophagus. Peptic ulcers are most commonly caused by infection with the Helicobacter pylori bacteria, which secrete a substance that irritates and damages the protective mucous layer of the stomach and small intestine. It is estimated […]
Medical catheters are tubes used in healthcare to deliver medications, fluids or gases to patients or to drain bodily fluids such as urine. Examples include vascular access devices or intravenous catheters, urinary catheters and chest drainage tubes. Catheters are generally inserted into a body cavity, duct, or blood vessel. They may be thin, flexible tubes […]
The number of babies delivered by Cesarean section (C-section) has risen over the past few decades. Sixty percent of the babies delivered worldwide are born in low income countries and it is estimated that every year, 0.8 – 3.2 million additional C-sections are needed in these countries. Furthermore, in middle and high income countries, 4.0 […]
A pulmonary embolism (PE) is a potentially fatal blockage of an artery in the lungs. The nature of the blockage is typically a blood clot, fat agglomeration, bubble of gas, or a piece of foreign material, known as an embolus. When an artery is blocked, blood ceases to be able to pass by the occlusion. […]
Listeria is a bacterial genus responsible for listeriosis, a significant foodborne disease that can be difficult to control and that frequently results in severe clinical outcomes. The most important species for humans is Listeria monocytogenes, often labeled as a leading cause of death due to contaminated foods. Besides Listeria monocytogenes, six more currently recognized species […]
Uterine fibroids are benign tumors that present in the uterus of a woman. The variance in size and shape for each woman affected by the condition can be notable. Additionally, the fibroids can form in several different areas of the uterus. The location of the benign tumors can be used as a categorization system to […]
Carboplatin is a chemotherapy agent used in the treatment of certain types of cancer. Carboplatin is one of the platinum anti-cancer compounds and its parent compound is cisplatin. Carboplatin has gained significant popularity since its introduction in the 1980s because it causes less side effects than cisplatin. Mechanism of action Carboplatin forms intra- and inter-strand […]
Resveratrol has been much studied over the last 20 years, because of its promise as an elixir of youth and health. Research proves that it does have anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-platelet and anti-cancer effects. But how exactly does it work? Anti-cancer effects: Resveratrol may prevent the transformation of some cancer-producing chemicals to their active forms […]
Gastric bypass surgery is a major abdominal operation and like all other major surgeries can affect a patient well after the surgery is over. Aside form the physical aspects, patients may have trouble adjusting psychologically to their drastic weight loss after the operation. For example, the rapid change in weight and eating habits can cause […]
Osteopenia is a bone condition where the bone mineral density is lower than normal. Bones are made of minerals like calcium and phosphate. Osteopenia is considered to be a precursor of a similar bone condition called osteoporosis. But in many cases osteopenia may not lead to osteoporosis. Definition of osteopenia Osteopenia is defined as a […]