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A fetus growing inside a woman who has diabetes may be exposed to high levels of blood glucose during the pregnancy if the diabetes is not well controlled. There are two types of diabetes that may put a baby at risk during pregnancy, namely, gestational diabetes and pre-gestational diabetes. Gestational diabetes is a condition that […]
A nurse may practice in a wide range of settings. Although the most common is in a hospital , nurses may also work in other places such as in the home of the patient, in residential care, at schools, in research environments, and other medical clinics. They may also work in the public health sector […]
Hepatitis D is a viral infection caused by the hepatitis D virus (HDV) which affects the liver. HDV was identified in 1977 in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Hepatitis D is also known as “delta hepatitis”. Hepatitis D infection only occurs in people who are infected with the HBV. Hepatitis D virus […]
Population-based medicines have greatly benefited humanity in general. However, every individual reacts differently to the same medication due to factors such as genetic makeup and environmental stressors. In the pursuit of achieving optimal clinical and therapeutic outcome, the pharmaceutical industry has been putting in enormous efforts to cater to individual needs of a patient. Personalized […]
Genital mycoplasmas (which contains well-known and representative species such as Ureaplasma urealyticum, Mycoplasma hominis and Mycoplasma genitalium) are a group of small microorganisms usually found in sexually active women and men. They lack a cell wall and have the propensity to adhere to mucosal surfaces, and sometimes even the ability to enter the cells (as […]
Face lift surgery, also known as rhytidectomy, is one of the most coveted plastic surgery operations in the world. It is performed to improve the physical signs of aging, which occurs as a natural process. As humans age and lose their youthful appearance, the toll of time shows on their faces. The fine expression marks […]
Autoimmune encephalitis (AIE) must be diagnosed as early as possible to facilitate appropriate treatment. This group of conditions presents in various ways, with subacute memory loss, altered cognition, seizures, abnormal movements and behavioral or psychiatric aberrations. Other signs and symptoms may be present depending on the areas of the brain affected and the severity of […]
The most commonly seen defects at birth are congenital heart defects (CHD). These anomalies arise when there is a failure of the heart or its major blood vessels to form properly during embryonic and/or fetal growth and development. They may range from simple holes in the cardiac septum, or narrow valves, to more complex defects […]
Moebius syndrome is present at birth, and its first sign is often the infant’s difficulty with sucking. The disease affects the cranial nerves, preventing normal facial muscle movement, which affects facial expression and eye movement. There are a variety of signs and symptoms of Moebius disorder and a great deal of potential variation from one […]
Pregnancy occurs when a woman’s oocyte is fertilized by a man’s sperm. Both oocyte and sperm are gametes, or reproductive cells, which contain a single copy of the parental DNA. It is when these two discrete copies merge to form a complete chromosome complement within one new cell, called the zygote, that fertilization is said […]